how to calculate percentage of water absorbed by soil

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “  how to calculate percentage of water absorbed by soil“.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Properties of soil

Percolation rate of water in soil

• Percolation is the property of absorption of water by soil.
• If we pour a bottle of water on the floor and another bottle of water in the soil, the water on the floor will flow down but water in the soil will be absorbed.
• The percolation rate is the amount of water absorbed by any soil at any given time.
• Formula for calculating percolation rate is,

       Percolation rate (ml/min) = amount of water (ml) / percolation time (min).

• For example, If 200 ml of water is percolated through the soil sample in 40 min. Calculate the rate of percolation.

Solution – Rate of percolation is = amount of water (ml)/ percolation time (min)

= 200 ml/ 40 min

= 5 ml/ min

Ans-  The rate of percolation is 5 ml/ min.

Moisture in soil

• Moisture is the amount of water present in soil.
• During summer, the water content in the soil evaporates and moves up which reflect the sunlight, thus the air above soil seems to shimmer.

Absorption of water by soil

• Different soil samples absorb water in different extent.
• The absorption of water by different soil can be find out by taking 50g of different soil samples.
• Pour the soil in different funnels placed in different beakers and pour water in the soil with the help of measuring cylinders.
• Continue pouring until it starts dripping.

U is the initial volume of

V is the final volume of water (ml).

how percentage is calculated in excel

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “ how percentage is calculated in excel“.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Excel provides you different ways to calculate percentages. For example, you can use Excel to calculate the percentage of correct answers on a test, discount prices using various percent assumptions, or percent change between two values. Calculating a percentage in Excel is an easy two-step process. First, you format the cell to indicate the value is a percent, and then you build the percent formula in a cell.

Microsoft Excel

Turn data into insights.

Get Excel

Format values as percentages

To show a number as a percent in Excel, you need to apply the Percentage format to the cells. Simply select the cells to format, and then click the Percent Style (%) button in the Number group on the ribbon’s Home tab. You can then increase (or decrease) the the decimical place as needed. (See Rounding issues below for more information.)

In Excel, the underlying value is always stored in decimal form. So, even if you’ve used number formatting to display something as a percentage (10%), that’s just what it is—formatting, or a symbolic representation of the underlying value. Excel always performs calculations on that underlying value, which is a decimal (0.1). To double-check the underlying value, select the cell, press Ctrl + 1, and look in the Sample box on the General category.

Here are a few things to keep in mind when formatting percentages:

Format existing values

—When you apply percentage formatting to a cell that already has a number in it, Excel multiplies that number by 100 and adds the % sign at the end. So for example, if you type 10 into cell A2 and then apply the percentage number format, Excel will multiply your number by 100 to show it as a percentage (remember that 1% is one part of one hundred), so you’ll see 1000% displayed in the cell, not 10%. To get around this, you can calculate your numbers as percentages first.

For example, if you type the formula =10/100 in cell A2, Excel will display the result as 0.1. If you then format that decimal as a percentage, the number will be displayed as 10%, as you ‘d expect. You can also just type the number in its decimal form directly into the cell—that is, type 0.1 and then apply percentage format.

Rounding issues

—Sometimes what you see in a cell (e.g., 10%) doesn’t match the number you expected to see (e.g., 9.75%). To see the true percentage in the cell, rather than a rounded version, increase the decimal places. Again, Excel always uses the underlying value to perform calculations.

Format empty cells

—Excel behaves differently when you pre-format empty cells with percentage formatting and then enter numbers. Numbers equal to and larger than 1 are converted to percentages by default; numbers smaller than 1 that are not preceded with a zero are multiplied by 100 to convert them to percentages. For example, if you type 10 or .1 in a preformatted cell, you’ll see 10% appear in the cell. Now, if you type 0.1 in the cell, Excel will return 0% or 0.10% depending on the decimal setting.

Format as you type

—If you type 10% directly in the cell, Excel will automatically apply percentage formatting. This is useful when you want to type just a single percentage on your worksheet, such as a tax or commission rate.

Negative percentages

—If you want negative percentages to be formatted differently—for example, to appear as red text or within parentheses—you can create a custom number format such as 0.00%;[Red]-0.00% or 0.00%_);(0.00%).

Calculating percentages

As with any formula in Excel, you need to start by typing an equal sign (=) in the cell where you want your result, followed by the rest of the formula. The basic formula for calculating a percentage is =part/total.

In the example below, Actual Points/Possible Points = Grade %:

Say you want to reduce a particular amount by 25%, like when you’re trying to apply a discount. Here, the formula will be: =Price*1-Discount %. (Think of the “1” as a stand-in for 100%.)

To increase the amount by 25%, simply replace the minus sign in the formula above with a plus sign.

The next example is slightly more complicated. Say the earnings for your department are $2,342 in November and $2,500 in December and you want to find the percentage change in earnings between these two months. To find the answer, divide the difference between December and November earnings ($158) by the value of the November earning ($2,342).

How to Calculate a Percentage of a Number in Excel

If you want to calculate a percentage of a number in Excel, simply multiply the percentage value by the number that you want the percentage of.

For example, if you want to calculate 20% of 500, multiply 20% by 500.

I.e. type the following formula into any Excel cell:

– which gives the result 100.

Note that the % operator tells Excel to divide the preceding number by 100. Therefore, the value 20% in the above calculation is evaluated as 0.2.

Further Examples of Calculating a Percentage of a Number

Example 1 – Percentages of Various Numbers

The following spreadsheet shows various percentage calculations for different numbers.

Example 2 – Sales Tax Calculation

The following spreadsheet shows the calculation of sales tax at 22.5%, of an invoice total.

For further examples of Calculating Percentages of Numbers in Excel, see the Microsoft Office website.

Or, for an overview of different types of percentage calculation, see the Percentages In Excel page.

Features

Basic operation

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,^[6] using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager).^[7][8] A PivotTable is a powerful tool that can save time when it comes to data analysis.^[9] It does this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields that are also known as “the building blocks of PivotTables.

Visual Basic for Applications

“^[10] It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics,^[11][12] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer,^[13] or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports.^[14][15] In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,^[16] analyze the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.^{[citation needed]}

Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts.^[17]

Functions

Excel 2016 has 484 functions.^[18] Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies these functions in 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA as methods of the object “WorksheetFunction”^[19] and 44 have the same names as VBA functions.^[20]

With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will become Turing complete.^[21]

resource: wikipedia

how to calculate percentage differences in excel

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “ how to calculate percentage differences in excel“.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Percentage Difference in Excel

Percentage Difference in Excel is used to find the percentage changes, ups and downs, and the percentage value of any number. To find the percentage difference between any two numbers, subtract the smallest number from the bigger digit and then divide the outcome of subtraction with the smallest number among them. Then convert the obtained value into Percentage by clicking on % from the Home menu ribbon. We can even multiply the outcome by 100 to get a percentage value but without a percentage sign.

How to Calculate the Percentage?

A simple way to calculate the percentage is, take the same example above. How much is the percentage of 50 in 500?

(50/500) X 100 = 10%.

I hope it is clear how to calculate percentages.

Calculate percentage in Excel

Take a portion of share in one cell and total share in one cell.

Now apply the formula for a percentage as discussed above and as shown in the below picture.

The Result will be as given below.

Percentage difference

Now we will understand what percentage difference is; percentage difference is the conversion of a difference of two values into a percentage.

E.g., A is the base value and B is another value, so A-B will give one value; if we represent the A-B(difference) in percentage, it will be called a percentage difference.

To understand better, please find the below examples.

How to Calculate Percentage Difference in Excel?

To calculate the percentage difference in excel is very simple and easy. Let’s understand how to calculate the percentage difference in excel with some examples.

Excel Percentage Difference – Example #1

Consider the employee’s population for 2018 and 2019 for a few cities.

Now we need to find the increase or decrease in the growth of employees from 2018 to 2019, which is nothing but the difference from 2018 to 2019.

Apply a simple formula to give the difference between 2018 and 2019. The formula will be shown in the below picture.

Press Enter to see the result.

We just need to drag the cell D2 downwards, and the formula will be applied for all the cells.

Now we found the difference; then we just need to convert a percentage to find the percentage difference of employees from 2018 to 2019 in excel.

Here base value will be 2018 values; hence we should calculate as per 2018 data. For that, divide the difference with the 2018 data.

That means the difference value of Hyderabad should be divided with 4300, similarly Chennai with 3700, Bangalore with 5000 and Mumbai with 4000.

The results will come like a decimal value. As discussed earlier, the percentage should always be compared with 100 parts; hence we multiple the results with 100 for the exact percentage.

Once we multiply with 100, we got the results of how much percentage, but we have multiple numbers after the decimal point to reduce or round off; follow the below steps.

Highlight all the cells and click on the option marked in the below picture until you have two numbers after the point.

This is fine if still, we want to show with percentage symbol select the option percentage from the dropdown menu as shown below.

The result will be as given below.

As per the picture, there is a 20.93 percent increase in Hyderabad from 2018 to 2019, 21.62 increase in Chennai, 6 percent reduce in Bangalore and a 2.50 percent increase in Mumbai. That mean 900 is 20.93 percent of 4300 similarly 800 is 21.62% 0f 3700, 300 is 6% of 5000 and 100 is 2.50% of 4000.

Excel Percentage Difference – Example #2

Consider an employee’s salary for three different years and calculate how much percentage difference is his salary for every year in excel. After finding the percentage, we will try to create a visualization for the same.

Observe the salary of the employee.

Now apply a formula to find the excel percentage difference in salary from one year to next year.

Observe the formula, B3, which is 450000; from that, we subtracted B2, which is 400000 and the difference multiplied by 100 and divide the results with B2, which is base salary 400000. That means the increase in salary from 2018 to 2017 is 12.5% in an amount it is 50,000.

Similarly, it is 26.66% from 2019 to 2018 and 14.03% from 2019 to 2020. I did not apply for 2020 as we should have taken 2021 salary to calculate the difference as we do not have that data; we cannot calculate the percentage difference in excel.

Now we can create a chart to represent the percentage growth visually. Now select the year and percentage of a different column by holding the CTRL-key.

After selecting both, the fields click on the Insert option. Later click on the Recommended charts option, which is highlighted with a red color box.

From the drop-down, we can select the required form of chart to represent them visually.

I selected one of the charts, and below is the picture for reference.

From the chart, we can observe the percentage change in every year. If the percentage is negative, the bar will show under baseline 0.

I hope it is clear now how to find the percentage, Percentage difference and how to show the percentage change in a visual chart.

Things to Remember About Percentage Difference in Excel

• The percentage difference in excel is nothing but the representation of the differences between past value and a current value in the form of a percentage considering past value as base value or a difference between the current value and future value in the form of a percentage considering current value as the base value.
• To find the percentage difference in excel, first, find the difference between the two numbers and divide this difference with the base value. After obtaining the results, multiply the decimal number by 100; this result will represent the percentage difference.
• We can apply round off if there are multiple numbers after a decimal point.
• The percentage difference in excel should not necessarily be positive; it can be negative also. It depends on the difference between the values.
• The positive percentage represents the growth, and the negative percentage represents the decrement or decrease in growth.
• This percentage difference in excel helps to compare or to understand how much growth is happening in the business or profits or any results related activities.
• We can apply this percentage difference in statistics too.

how to calculate attendance percentage in excel

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “  how to calculate attendance percentage in excel “.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Percent of students absent

Generic formula

=(total-attended)/total

Summary

To calculate the percentage of students absent in a given class, you can use simple formula that divides students absent (calculated by subtracting attending from total) by the total. In the example shown, the formula in E5, copied down, is:

=(C5-D5)/C5

The result is a decimal value that is formatted using the percentage number format.

Explanation

In this example, the goal is to answer the question “What percentage of students were absent from each class”. In other words, given a class with 30 students total, 27 of which were present, we want to return 10% absent. The general formula for this calculation, where “x” is the percent absent is:

x=absent/total

However, since we don’t have a column for the number of students absent in the table, we need to calculate this number as part of the formula:

x=(total-attended)/total
x=(30-27)/30
x=3/30
x=0.10

After we convert this to an Excel formula with cell references, the formula in E5 becomes:

=(C5-D5)/C5
=(30-27)/30
=3/30
=0.10

As the formula is copied down, the formula returns calculated “percent absent” for each class listed in the table. These results are decimal numbers formatted with the Percentage number format.

Formatting percentages in Excel

In mathematics, a percentage is a number expressed as a fraction of 100. For example, 55% is read as “Fifty-five percent” and is equivalent to 55/100 or 0.55. To display values like this with with a percent sign (%), apply Percentage number format.

Author

Dave Bruns

Related formulas

Get percentage of total

In this example, the goal is to work out the “percent of total” for each expense shown in the worksheet. In other words, given that we know the total is $1945, and we know Rent is $700, we want to determine that Rent is 36% of the total. The total…

Percent of goal

In this example, the objective is to calculate a percentage for each goal shown in column C of the table using the actual values in column D. In other words, given a goal of 100000, and an actual amount of 112000, we want to return 112% as the…

Get amount with percentage

In this example, the goal is to convert the percentages shown in column C to amounts, where the total of all amounts is given as $1945. In other words, if we know Rent is 36.0%, and the total of all expenses is $1945, we want to calculate that Rent…

Get percent of year complete

The goal in this example is to return the amount of time completed in a year as a percentage value, based on any given date. In other words, when given the date July 1, 2021, the formula should return 50% since we are halfway* through the year. *By…

Related videos .

how to put percentage formula in excel 2007

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “  how to put percentage formula in excel 2007“.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

How to calculate percentage in Excel – formula examples

In this tutorial, you will lean a quick way to calculate percentages in Excel, find the basic percentage formula and a few more formulas for calculating percentage increase, percent of total and more.

Calculating percentage is useful in many areas of life, whether it is restaurant tipping, reseller commission, your income tax or interest rate. Say, you’ve been lucky enough to get a 25% off promotion code on a new plasma TV. Is this a good deal? And how much will you eventually have to pay?

In this tutorial, we are going to explore a few techniques that will help you efficiently calculate percent in Excel and learn the basic percentage formulas that will take the guesswork out of your calculations.

Percentage basics

The term “per cent” is derived from the Latin per centum, meaning “by the hundred”. As you probably remember from high school math class, a percentage is a fraction of 100 that is calculated by dividing the numerator by the denominator and multiplying the result by 100.

The basic percentage formula is as follows:

For example, if you had 20 apples and you gave 5 to your friends, how much did you give, percentage wise? By performing a simple calculation =5/20*100 you get the answer – 25%.

This is how you normally calculate percentages in school and everyday life. Computing percentage in Microsoft Excel is even easier since Excel performs some operations for you automatically, in the background.

universal Excel

Regrettably, there is no universal Excel formula for percentage that would cover all possible scenarios. If you ask someone “Which percent formula do I use to get the result I want?”, most likely, you will get an answer like “Well, that depends on what exactly result you want to achieve.”

So, let me show you a few simple formulas for calculating a percent in Excel such as a percentage increase formula, a formula to get percentages of a total and more.

Basic Excel percentage formula

The basic formula to calculate percentage in Excel is this:

If you compare it to the basic math formula for percentage, you will notice that Excel’s percentage formula lacks the *100 part. When calculating a percent in Excel, you do not have to multiply the resulting fraction by 100 since Excel does this automatically when the percentage format is applied to a cell.

And now, let’s see how you can use the Excel percentage formula on real-life data. Suppose, you have the number of “Ordered items” in column B and “Delivered items” in column C. To find out the percentage of delivered products, perform the following steps:

• Enter the formula =C2/B2 in cell D2, and copy it down to as many rows as you need.
• Click the Percent Style button (Home tab > Number group) to display the resulting decimal fractions as percentages.
• Remember to increase the number of decimal places if needed, as explained in Percentage tips.
• Done! : )

The same sequence of steps shall be performed when using any other percentage formula in Excel.

In the following example, column D displays a rounded percent of delivered items, without any decimal places showing.

Calculating percentage of total in Excel

In fact, the above example is a particular case of calculating percentages of a total. Now, let’s investigate a few more examples that will help you make quick work of calculating a percent of a total in Excel on different data sets.

Example 1. The total is at the end of the table in a certain cell

A very common scenario is when you have a total in a single cell at the end of a table. In this case, the percentage formula will be similar to the one we’ve just discussed with the only difference that a cell reference in the denominator is an absolute reference (with $).The dollar sign fixes the reference to a given cell, so that it never changes no matter where the formula is copied.

For example, if you have some values in column B and their total in cell B10, you’d use the following formula to calculate percentages of the total: =B2/$B$10

You use a relative cell reference to cell B2 because you want it to get changed when you copy the formula to other cells of column B. But you enter $B$10 as an absolute cell reference because you want to leave the denominator fixed on B10 when auto-filling the formula down to row 9.

Example 2. Parts of the total are in multiple rows

In the above example, suppose you have several rows for the same product and you want to know what part of the total is made by all orders of that particular product.

In this case, you can use the SUMIF function to add up all numbers relating to a given product first, and then divide that number by the total, like this:

=SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) / total

Given that column A contains all product names, column B lists corresponding quantities, cell E1 is the name of the product you are interested in, and the total is in cell B10, your real-life formula may look similar to this:

=SUMIF(A2:A9 ,E1, B2:B9) / $B$10

Naturally, you can put the product name directly in the formula, like this:

=SUMIF(A2:A9, "cherries", B2:B9) / $B$10

If you want to find out what part of the total a few different products make, add up the results returned by several SUMIF functions, and then divide that number by the total. For example, the following formula calculates the percent of cherries and apples:

=(SUMIF(A2:A9, "cherries", B2:B9) + SUMIF(A2:A9, "apples", B2:B9)) / $B$10

For more information about the SUM function, please check out the following tutorials:

• How to use the SUMIF function in Excel
• Excel SUMIFS and SUMIF with multiple criteria

How to calculate percent change in Excel

Of all formulas for calculating percentage in Excel, a percent change formula is probably the one you would use most often.

Excel formula for percentage change (percentage increase / decrease)

To calculate percent change between values A and B, use the following formula:

When applying this formula to real data, it is important that you correctly determine which value is A and which is B. For example, yesterday you had 80 apples and how you have 100, meaning that now you have 20 apples more than before, which is 25% increase. If you had 100 apples and now you have 80, your number of apples has reduced by 20, which is 20% decrease.

Considering the above, our Excel formula for percentage change takes the following shape:

And now, let’s see how you can use this percentage change formula (aka Excel percentage increase formula) in your spreadsheets.

Example 1. Calculating percent change between 2 columns

Suppose that you have the last month prices in column B and this month prices in column C. Then you can enter the following formula in cell D2 to calculate percentage change in your Excel sheet:

=(C2-B2)/B2

This percent change formula calculates the percentage increase / decrease in this month (column C) comparted to last month (column B).

After copying the formula to other rows, remember to click the Percent Style button on the ribbon to display decimals as percentages and you will get a result similar to what you see in the screenshot below.

how work percentages calculator

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “  how work percentages calculator “.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Percentage Calculator in Common Phrases

In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio that represents a fraction of 100. It is often denoted by the symbol “%” or simply as “percent” or “pct.” For example, 35% is equivalent to the decimal 0.35, or the fraction

.

Percentage Formula

Although the percentage formula can be written in different forms, it is essentially an algebraic equation involving three values.

P × V₁ = V₂

P is the percentage, V₁ is the first value that the percentage will modify, and V₂ is the result of the percentage operating on V₁. The calculator provided automatically converts the input percentage into a decimal to compute the solution. However, if solving for the percentage, the value returned will be the actual percentage, not its decimal representation.

EX: P × 30 = 1.5

If solving manually, the formula requires the percentage in decimal form, so the solution for P needs to be multiplied by 100 in order to convert it to a percent. This is essentially what the calculator above does, except that it accepts inputs in percent rather than decimal form.

Percentage Difference Formula

The percentage difference between two values is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the difference between two numbers by the average of those two numbers. Multiplying the result by 100 will yield the solution in percent, rather than decimal form. Refer to the equation below for clarification.

Percentage Change Formula

Percentage increase and decrease are calculated by computing the difference between two values and comparing that difference to the initial value. Mathematically, this involves using the absolute value of the difference between two values, and dividing the result by the initial value, essentially calculating how much the initial value has changed.

The percentage increase calculator above computes an increase or decrease of a specific percentage of the input number. It basically involves converting a percent into its decimal equivalent, and either subtracting (decrease) or adding (increase) the decimal equivalent from and to 1, respectively. Multiplying the original number by this value will result in either an increase or decrease of the number by the given percent. Refer to the example below for clarification.

EX: 500 increased by 10% (0.1)
500 × (1 + 0.1) = 550

500 decreased by 10%
500 × (1 – 0.1) = 450

How to Calculate Percentages

Calculating percentages can be an easy task. There are numerous percentage calculators online that can help with task by simply searching for “percentage calculator.” However, there may be a time when (however, unlikely it sounds) you may need to be able to calculate percentages without any digital assistance.

Before you can calculate a percentage, you should first understand exactly what a percentage is.

The word percentage comes from the word percent. If you split the word percent into its root words, you see “per” and “cent.” Cent is an old European word with French, Latin, and Italian origins meaning “hundred”. So, percent is translated directly to “per hundred.” If you have 87 percent, you literally have 87 per 100. If it snowed 13 times in the last 100 days, it snowed 13 percent of the time.

The numbers that you will be converting into percentages can be given to you in 2 different formats, decimal and fraction. Decimal format is easier to calculate into a percentage. Converting a decimal to a percentage is as simple as multiplying it by 100. To convert .87 to a percent, simply multiple .87 by 100.

.87 × 100=87

Thus, resulting in 87 percent.

Percent is often abbreviated with the % symbol. Presenting your answer as 87% or 87 percent is acceptable.

given a fraction

If you are given a fraction, convert it to a percentage by dividing the top number by the bottom number. If you are given 13/100, you would divide 13 by 100.

13 ÷ 100 = .13

Then, follow the steps above for converting a decimal to a percent.

.13 × 100 = 13

Thus getting 13%.

The more difficult task comes when you need to know a percentage when you are given numbers that don’t fit so neatly into 100.

Most of the time, you will be given a percentage of a given number. For example, you may know that 40 percent of your paycheck will go to taxes and you want to find out how much money that is. To calculate the percentage of a specific number, you first convert the percentage number to a decimal.

This process is the reverse of what you did earlier. You divide your percentage by 100. So, 40% would be 40 divided by 100 or .40.

40 ÷ 100 = .40

Once you have the decimal version of your percentage, simply multiply it by the given number. In this case, the amount of your paycheck. If your paycheck is $750, you would multiply 750 by .40.

750 × .40 = 300

Your answer would be 300. You are paying $300 in taxes.

Let’s try another example. You need to save 25 percent of your paycheck for the next 6 months to pay for an upcoming vacation. If your paycheck is $1500, how much should you save?

Start by converting 25 percent to a decimal.

25 ÷ 100 = .25

Now, multiply the decimal by the amount of your paycheck, or 1500.

1500 × .25 = 375

You need to save $375 from each paycheck.

How To Calculate Percentage, Percentage Change and Percentage Difference

Knowing how to calculate the percentage of a number is a fundamental component of many aspects of life. For example, you may need to know how to calculate percentage to make a car payment or determine the down payment for a home.

Percentage calculations are also important in business and are used in various professional settings, such as when calculating taxes or employee raises. In this article, we explore what a percentage is, how to calculate different components of a percentage and the types of percentages.

What is percentage?

Percentage, which may also be referred to as percent, is a fraction of a number out of 100%. Percentage means “per one hundred” and denotes a piece of a total amount.

For example, 45% represents 45 out of 100, or 45 percent of the total amount.

Percentage may also be referred to as “out of 100” or “for every 100.”

For example, you could say either “it snowed 20 days out of every 100 days” or you could say “it snowed 20% of the time.”

A percentage may be written in a few different ways. One way to write or denote a percentage is to portray it as a decimal.

For example, 24% could also be written as .24. You can find the decimal version of a percent by dividing the percentage by 100. A percent can also be depicted by using a percent sign or “%.”

How to calculate percentage

There are a few different ways that a percentage can be calculated. The following formula is a common strategy used to calculate the percentage of something:

1. Determine the whole or total amount of what you want to find a percentage for

For example, if you want to calculate the percentage of how many days it rained in a month, you would use the number of days in that month as the total amount. So, let’s say we are evaluating the amount of rain during the month of April, which has 30 days.

2. Divide the number that you wish to determine the percentage for

Using the example above, let’s say that it rained 15 days out of the 30 days in April. You would divide 15 by 30, which equals 0.5.

3. Multiply the value from step two by 100

Continuing with the above example, you would multiply 0.5 by 100. This equals 50, which would give you the answer of 50%. So, in April, it rained 50% of the time.

Types of percentage problems

There are three main types of percentage problems you might encounter in both personal and professional settings. These include:

1. Finding the ending number
2. Finding the percentage

3. Finding the starting number

1. Finding the ending number

The following is an example of a question that would require you to use a percentage calculation to find the ending number in a problem: “What is 50% of 25?” For this problem, you already have both the percentage and the whole amount that you want to find a percentage of.

So, you would move to the second step as listed in the previous section. However, since you already have the percentage, instead of dividing you will want to multiply the percentage by the whole number. For this equation, you would multiple 50%, or 0.5, by 25. This gives you an answer of 12.5. Thus, the answer to this percentage problem would be “12.5 is 50% of 25.”

2. Finding the percentage

For a percentage problem in which you need to find the percentage, a question may be posed as the following: “What percent of 5 is 2?” In this example, you will need to determine in a percentage how much of 2 is part of the whole of 5. For this type of problem, you can simply divide the number that you want to turn into a percentage by the whole. So, using this example, you would divide 2 by 5. This equation would give you 0.4. You would then multiply 0.4 by 100 to get 40, or 40%. Thus, 2 is equal to 40% of 5.

3. Finding the starting number

A percentage problem that asks you to find the starting number may look like the following: “45% of what is 2?” This is typically a more difficult equation but can easily be solved using the previously mentioned formula. For this type of percentage problem, you would want to divide the whole by the percentage given. Using the example of “45% of what is 2?”, you would divide 2 by 45% or .45. This would give you 4.4, which means that 2 is 45% of 4.4.

Calculator

An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.

resource: wikipedia

how to work out percentages on your calculator

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “how to work out percentages on your calculator  “.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

How to Do Percentages on a Calculator

A percentage is a special way of representing a portion of something. A percentage is a number that indicates a fraction made up of 100 parts. Thus, 100% means the whole thing (whatever is being measured), while 50% means one half. If you learn how to write numbers as percentages, it then becomes easy to perform multiplication and other calculations with percentages on a calculator. Some calculators even have a % button that makes the calculation even easier.

Converting Fractions and Decimals to Percentages

Review the general meaning of fractions.

A fraction is a comparison between two numbers, usually representing the size of a part of something to the size of the whole thing. The classic example is a pie that is cut into eight, for example, equal portions. The top of the fraction, called the

The bottom of the fraction, called the

– in this case, 8.^[1]

• For example, the fraction 1/8 represents one piece of the pie that has been cut in eight pieces.
• The fraction 7/8 represents 7 pieces, almost the full pie.

A percentage is a special kind of fraction in which the

denominator is always set at 100.

^[2] While this is not practical when cutting slices of an actual pie, the concept of percentages is much more useful because it is standard.

• With fractions, the size of “half” of something will depend on the number of pieces. If your “pie” is cut into 8 pieces, then half would be 4. But if your “pie” is in 22 pieces, then half would be 11. The target always changes. But with percentages, one-half is always the same – 50%.
• It’s helpful to remember that the word “percent” actually means “of 100″—”per” means “of,” and “cent” means “100.”^[3]

3

Use a calculator to convert any fraction to a decimal or percentage.

If you are presented with any fraction, you can very easily convert it to a decimal number using any calculator. Just recognize that a fraction represents a division problem, and

use your calculator to divide the numerator by the denominator.

Your calculator will give you the decimal equivalent of the fraction.^[4]

• Suppose you have the fraction 1/2. On your calculator, perform the operation 1 ÷ 2, and the calculator will show the result 0.5.
• Convert the fraction 1/4 into a decimal by performing the operation 1 ÷ 4. The result is 0.25.
• For a more complicated example, you can convert the fraction 274/312 into a decimal with the operation 274 ÷ 312. The result will be 0.878. (There are more digits, but for our purposes we can stop at three.

4

Convert decimals to percentages by shifting the decimal point.

If you have a number that is already represented by a decimal, converting that to a percentage is easy. Because the decimal numbering system is based on factors of 10, you can transform a decimal number into a percentage by simply

shifting the decimal point by two spaces to the right and then adding a % sign.

If your decimal number consists of only one digit, you can add 0’s on the right of the number, such as turning 0.5 into 0.50 or even 0.500. These all have the same numerical value.^[5]

• Consider the example above of 1/2, which we converted to the decimal of 0.5. To change this decimal to a percentage, shift the decimal point two spaces to the right. First rewrite 0.5 as 0.50. Then when you shift the decimal point two spaces, you turn 0.50 into the number 50%.
• The example of 1/4, which has a decimal equivalent of 0.25, can be turned into the percentage 25%.

5

Memorize basic fraction conversions.

It is useful if you can memorize the percentage representations of certain basic fractions. Because the denominator for a percentage is always 100, certain values are constant. Some basic conversions you should know include:^[6]

• 3/4 = 75%
• 1/2 = 50%
• 1/3 = 33 1/3%
• 1/4 = 25%
• 1/5 = 20%
• 1/8 = 12.5% (this is often used in banking).

Performing Basic Calculations with Percentages

1

Add percentages very directly.

Because percentages all represent fractions with the common denominator of 100, you can add a list of percentages without any additional work. By contrast, remember that to add fractions, you must work through the steps of finding common denominators and converting your fractions to those common denominators. With percentages, however, no additional work is necessary.

Just add the numbers together.

• If each of six people draws a portion of the company’s payroll, you can find out how much they represent together by just adding the relative percentages. If their respective shares are 10%, 5%, 8%, 22%, 10% and 8%, you can just add 10+5+8+22+10+8 = 63. Those six people make up 63% of the company’s payroll.
• When you are adding, ignore the percent symbol, and just add the numbers. Put the symbol back in your final answer.

2

Subtract percentages in the same manner.

Again, because percentages represent fractions with the common denominator of 100, you do not need to do any additional work to subtract percentages. If you are working the the concept of removing some percentage from an original whole item, you should represent the whole item with the number 100 (because the whole means 100%).

• Suppose you want to calculate an income percentage. 100% represents the entire income from some project, but then you must subtract, for example, 10% for expenses, 12% for salaries, and 25% for taxes. How much is left? Simply use your calculator to perform the subtraction of 100-10-12-25. The result is 53%..

3

Multiply or divide using decimal equivalents.

If you have a problem that is initially written as 25% x 30, just

write the 25% as its decimal equivalent 0.25 and conduct the operation.

This would be 0.25 x 30 which gives the result of 7.5.^[7] Similarly, if you have a division problem of 200 ÷ 10%, rewrite this as 200 ÷ 0.10 and enter this into your calculator. You will get the result of 2000.^[8]

• The last result may appear surprising, if you expect division to produce a smaller result than the starting number. However, you should understand that division by a number less than one will always lead to an increase by the reciprocal of that number. For example,
  dividing by 1/10 is the same as multiplying by 10.

  Dividing by 1/2 is the same as multiplying by 2.

Calculating a Percentage of a Whole Number

1

Perform multiplication to find the percent “of” a number.

A common calculation involving percentages is to find some percent “of” another number. For example, if you are in a restaurant you may want to tip 15% “of” your total bill. When working with percentages,

the word “of” carries the same meaning as “times” or “multiply.”

Therefore, 15% “of” 100, for example, means the same as 15% x 100.^[9]

2

Convert the percentage to a decimal and multiply.

To calculate the percentage of the whole number, you need to first turn the percentage into a decimal as already described. Then simply multiply.^[10]

• To find 15% of 100, rewrite the 15% as 0.15. Then just multiply 0.15 x 100, to get the solution of 15.

resource: wikipedia

how to put percentage formula in excel 2013

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “  how to put percentage formula in excel 2013“.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

 

How to Use a Percentage Formula in Excel 2013

January 6, 2021 by MATTHEW BURLEIGH

Excel is a great tool for performing mathematical operations on data that you have entered into your cells. These operations typically occur with the help of a formula, such as this subtraction formula.

One of the operations that you can perform on your data is to calculate a percentage of one cell value compared to another. This is accomplished by dividing one number by another number to generate a percentage.

Learning how to use a percentage formula in Excel

Learning how to use a percentage formula in Excel not only allows you to provide additional information about your data to people viewing the spreadsheet, it can also compare your data in a way that makes it more digestible. These formatting changes, combined with some usablity features like this one that freezes rows at the top of the page, can make Excel much easier to read.

Our tutorial below will show you how to use this formula, as well as how to change the format of the cells containing the percentage so that they display with a % symbol behind them.

How to Use a Percentage Formula in Excel 2013

1. Open your Excel file.
2. Click in the cell where you want the formula.
3. Type =XX/YY into the cell, but use cell locations instead.
4. Copy and paste the formula into other cells as needed.
5. Right-click on formula cells, then choose Format Cells.
6. Select Percentage, then click OK.

Our article continues below with more information and pictures of these steps.

How to Create a Percentage Formula in Excel 2013

The steps in this article were performed in Microsoft Excel 2013, but will work in other versions of Excel as well. Note that we are performing this task with a formula, so the percentage displayed in the chosen cell will change if you modify the cells that are being used to calculate that percentage.

Step 1:

Open your spreadsheet in Excel 2013.

Step 2:

Click inside the cell where you wish to display the calculated percentage.

Step 3:

Type the percentage formula into the cell. The formula is =XX/YY but replace XX with the cell containing the first value for the percentage, then replace YY with the cell containing the second value for the percentage.

Step 4:

Click and hold on the bottom-right corner of the cell, then drag it down to select the rest of the cells for which you wish to calculate a percentage.

This action applies the entered formula for those additional cells as well, but it updates automatically to calculate the percentages for the cells in each relative row.

Step 5:

Select the cells displaying the percentage, then right-click on one of the selected cells and choose the Format Cells option.

Step 6:

Select Percentage from the column on the left side of the window, choose the number of decimal places you wish to display, then click the OK button.

You should now see your displayed percentages in the cells.

As with any Excel formulas that use cell locations, the percentage formula is referencing the cell rather than the data contained within it. If you change a value in one of the cells that is used in the formula, then the percentage will update, too.

While this guide focuses primarily on how to use a percentage formula in Excel when you need to determine a percentage from cell data, you can also determine a percentage from two numbers, or from one number and a cell location. So the formula =4/10 or =4/A1 would also work.

How Excel handles percentages

Although formatting numbers as percentages is straightforward, the results you get after you apply the format may vary, depending on whether the numbers already exist in your workbook.

• Formatting cells that already contain numbers    If you apply the Percentage format to existing numbers in a workbook, Excel multiplies those numbers by 100 to convert them to percentages. For example, if a cell contains the number 10, Excel multiplies that number by 100, which means that you will see 1000.00% after you apply the Percentage format. This may not be what you expected. To accurately display percentages, before you format the numbers as a percentage, make sure that they have been calculated as percentages, and that they are displayed in decimal format. Percentages are calculated by using the equation amount / total = percentage. For example, if a cell contains the formula =10/100, the result of that calculation is 0.1. If you then format 0.1 as a percentage, the number will be correctly displayed as 10%. To learn more about calculating percentages, see Examples of calculating percentages.

• Formatting empty cells    If you apply the Percentage format to cells, and then type numbers into those cells, the behavior is different. Numbers equal to and larger than 1 are converted to percentages by default; and numbers smaller than 1 are multiplied by 100 to convert them to percentages. For example, typing 10 or 0.1 both result in 10.00%. (If you don’t want to display the tw.

Display numbers as percentages

To quickly apply percentage formatting to selected cells, click Percent Style  in the Number group on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+Shift+%. If you want more control over the format, or you want to change other aspects of formatting for your selection, you can follow these steps.

1. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the icon next to Number to display the Format Cells dialog box.
2. In the Format Cells dialog box, in the Category list, click Percentage.
3. In the Decimal places box, enter the number of decimal places that you want to display. For example, if you want to see 10% instead of 10.00%, enter 0 in the Decimal places box.

Tips for displaying percentages

• To reset the number format of selected cells, click General in the Category list. Cells that are formatted with the General format have no specific number format.

• If you want negative percentages to stand out—for example, you want them to appear in red—you can create a custom number format (Format Cells dialog box, Number tab, Custom category). The format should resemble the following: 0.00%;[Red]-0.00%. When applied to cells, this format displays positive percentages in the default text color and negative percentages in red. The portion that follows the semicolon represents the format that is applied to a negative value.

how to create a formula in excel to calculate percentage increase

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “ how to create a formula in excel to calculate percentage increase “.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

How to calculate percentage change or difference between two numbers in Excel?

This article is talking about calculating percentage change or difference between two numbers in Excel

Calculate percentage change/difference between two numbers with formula

As below screenshot shown, you need to calculate the percentage change between new number 94 and old number 80. The formula =(new_value-old_value)/old_value can help you quickly calculate the percentage change between two numbers. Please do as follows.

1. Select a blank cell for locating the calculated percentage change, then enter formula =(A3-A2)/A2 into the Formula Bar, and then press the Enter key. See screenshot:

2. Keep selecting the result cell, then click the Percent Style button in the Number group under Home tab to format the cell as percentage. See screenshot:

Now the percentage difference between two given numbers is calculated.

Calculator

An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.

The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the Intel 4004, the first microprocessor, was developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom. They later became used commonly within the petroleum industry (oil and gas).

Modern electronic calculators

Modern electronic calculators vary from cheap, give-away, credit-card-sized models to sturdy desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s as the incorporation of integrated circuits reduced their size and cost. By the end of that decade, prices had dropped to the point where a basic calculator was affordable to most and they became common in schools.

Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have included interactive calculator programs such as dc and hoc, and calculator functions are included in almost all personal digital assistant (PDA) type devices, the exceptions being a few dedicated address book and dictionary devices.

In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those designed for specific markets. For example, there are scientific calculators which include trigonometric and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher-dimensional Euclidean space. As of 2016, basic calculators cost little, but scientific and graphing models tend to cost more.

In 1986, calculators still represented an estimated 41% of the world’s general-purpose hardware capacity to compute information. By 2007, this had diminished to less than 0.05%.^[1]

resource: wikipedia

Calculating Percentage Increase in Excel

Percentage increases involve two numbers. The basic mathematical approach for calculating a percentage increase is to subtract the second number from the first number. Using the sum of this figure, divide this remaining figure by the original number.

To give you an example, the cost of a household bill costs $100 in September, but $125 in October. To calculate this difference, you could use the excel formula =SUM(NEW-OLD)/OLD or for this example, =SUM(125-100)/100 in Excel.

If your figures are in separate cells, you can replace numbers for cell references in your formula. For example, if September’s bill amount is in cell B4 and October’s bill amount is in cell B5, your alternative Excel formula would be =SUM(B5-B4)/B4.

The percentage

The percentage increase between September and October is 25%, with this figure shown as a decimal number (0.25) by default in Excel using the formula above.

If you want to display this figure as a percentage in Excel, you’ll need to replace the formatting for your cell. Select your cell, then click the Percentage Style button in the Home tab, under the Number category.

Calculating Percentage Decrease in Excel

To calculate the percentage decrease between two numbers, you’ll use an identical calculation to the percentage increase. You subtract the second number from the first, then divide it by the first number. The only difference is that the first number will be smaller than the second number.

Using cell references, if October’s bill amount of $125 is in cell B4 and November’s bill amount of $100 is in cell B5, your Excel formula for a percentage decrease would be =SUM(B5-B4)/B4.

Calculating a Percentage as a Proportion of a Number

In Excel, the formula to calculate this example would be =50/100. Using cell references, where $100 is in cell B3 and $50 is in cell B4, the excel formula required is =B4/B3.

how to work out percentage decrease formula in excel

Hello dear friends, thank you for choosing us. In this post on the solsarin site, we will talk about “ how to work out percentage decrease formula in excel “.
Stay with us.
Thank you for your choice.

Sometimes percentages can be frustrating because it’s not always easy to remember what we learned about them in school. Let Excel do the work for you – simple formulas can help you find the percentage of a total, for example, or the percentage difference between two numbers.

Windows macOS Web

Find the percentage of a total

Let’s say that you answered 42 questions out of 50 correctly on a test. What is the percentage of correct answers?

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =42/50, and then press RETURN .The result is 0.84.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. On the Home tab, click  .The result is 84.00%, which is the percentage of correct answers on the test.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal  or Decrease Decimal  .

Find the percentage of change between two numbers

Let’s say that your earnings are $2,342 in November and $2,500 in December. What is the percentage of change in your earnings between these two months? Then, if your earnings are $2,425 in January, what is the percentage of change in your earnings between December and January? You can calculate the difference by subtracting your new earnings from your original earnings, and then dividing the result by your original earnings.

Calculate a percentage of increase

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =(2500-2342)/2342, and then press RETURN .The result is 0.06746.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. On the Home tab, click  .The result is 6.75%, which is the percentage of increase in earnings.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal  or Decrease Decimal  .

Calculate a percentage of decrease

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =(2425-2500)/2500, and then press RETURN .The result is -0.03000.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. On the Home tab, click  .The result is -3.00%, which is the percentage of decrease in earnings.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal  or Decrease Decimal  .

Find the total when you know the amount and percentage

Let’s say that the sale price of a shirt is $15, which is 25% off the original price. What is the original price? In this example, you want to find 75% of which number equals 15.

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =15/0.75, and then press RETURN .The result is 20.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. In newer versions:On the Home tab, click .The result is $20.00, which is the original price of the shirt.

   In Excel for Mac 2011:

   On the Home tab, under Number, click Currency

   The result is $20.00, which is the original price of the shirt.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal  or Decrease Decimal  .

Find an amount when you know the total and percentage

Let’s say that want to purchase a computer for $800 and must pay an additional 8.9% in sales tax. How much do you have to pay for the sales tax? In this example, you want to find 8.9% of 800.

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =800*0.089, and then press RETURN.The result is 71.2.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. In newer versions:On the Home tab, click .In Excel for Mac 2011:

   On the Home tab, under Number, click Currency

   The result is $71.20, which is the sales tax amount for the computer.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal  or Decrease Decimal  .

   

Increase or decrease a number by a percentage

Let’s say that you spend an average of $113 on food each week, and you want to increase your weekly food expenditures by 25%. How much can you spend? Or, if you want to decrease your weekly food allowance of $113 by 25%, what is your new weekly allowance?

Increase a number by a percentage

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =113*(1+0.25), and then press RETURN .The result is 141.25.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. In newer versions:On the Home tab, click .In Excel for Mac 2011:

   On the Home tab, under Number, click Currency

   The result is $141.25, which is a 25% increase in weekly food expenditures.

   Note: To change the number of decimal places that appear in the result, click Increase Decimal or Decrease Decimal  .

Decrease a number by a percentage

1. Click any blank cell.
2. Type =113*(1-0.25), and then press RETURN .The result is 84.75.
3. Select the cell that contains the result from step 2.
4. In newer versions:On the Home tab, click .In Excel for Mac 2011:

   On the Home tab, under Number, click Currency

   The result is $84.75, which is a 25% reduction in weekly food expenditures.

Input

Electronic calculators contain a keyboard with buttons for digits and arithmetical operations; some even contain “00” and “000” buttons to make larger or smaller numbers easier to enter. Most basic calculators assign only one digit or operation on each button; however, in more specific calculators, a button can perform multi-function working with key combinations.

Display output

Calculators usually have liquid-crystal displays (LCD) as output in place of historical light-emitting diode (LED) displays and vacuum fluorescent displays (VFD); details are provided in the section Technical improvements.

Large-sized figures are often used to improve readability; while using decimal separator (usually a point rather than a comma) instead of or in addition to vulgar fractions. Various symbols for function commands may also be shown on the display. Fractions such as 1⁄3 are displayed as decimal approximations, for example rounded to 0.33333333. Also, some fractions (such as 1⁄7, which is 0.14285714285714; to 14 significant figures) can be difficult to recognize in decimal form; as a result, many scientific calculators are able to work in vulgar fractions or mixed numbers.

Memory

Calculators also have the ability to store numbers into computer memory. Basic calculators usually store only one number at a time; more specific types are able to store many numbers represented in variables. The variables can also be used for constructing formulas. Some models have the ability to extend memory capacity to store more numbers; the extended memory address is termed an array index.

Power source

Power sources of calculators are batteries, solar cells or mains electricity (for old models), turning on with a switch or button. Some models even have no turn-off button but they provide some way to put off (for example, leaving no operation for a moment, covering solar cell exposure, or closing their lid). Crank-powered calculators were also common in the early computer era.

Key layout

The following keys are common to most pocket calculators. While the arrangement of the digits is standard, the positions of other keys vary from model to model; the illustration is an example.

Internal workings

In general, a basic electronic calculator consists of the following components:^[2]

• Power source (mains electricity, battery and/or solar cell)
• Keypad (input device) – consists of keys used to input numbers and function commands (addition, multiplication, square-root, etc.)
• Display panel (output device) – displays input numbers, commands and results. Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs), and light-emitting diode (LED) displays use seven segments to represent each digit in a basic calculator. Advanced calculators may use dot matrix displays.
  • A printing calculator, in addition to a display panel, has a printing unit that prints results in ink onto a roll of paper, using a printing mechanism.
• Processor chip (microprocessor or central processing unit).

resource: wikipedia